The three kinds of institution
A large national bank gives you branches and ATMs nearly everywhere, along with savings rates near zero and the longest fee schedules. A credit union is a member-owned nonprofit that you join through where you live, work or study. Its rates and fees tend to be better and its technology sometimes a step behind. An online bank has no branches, which is how it affords higher savings rates and fewer fees, and the trade-off is that depositing cash is awkward.
Whatever you pick, confirm that deposits are insured by the FDIC for a bank or the NCUA for a credit union. Both cover up to $250,000 per depositor, per institution. Some financial apps are not banks at all and merely pass your money to a partner bank, so look for the name of the actual insured institution.
What to compare
- The monthly maintenance fee should be zero, or waived by a condition you meet without effort, such as any direct deposit.
- The ATM network should include machines near your home and work, and some accounts reimburse other banks' ATM fees.
- The overdraft policy should let you decline overdraft coverage, so the card is refused instead of costing you a fee.
- The mobile app should handle check deposits, transfers, card locking and alerts without friction.
- Transfers to outside accounts should be free and should arrive within one to three business days.
Opening the account
You need a government photo ID, your Social Security number, a home address and an opening deposit, which can be very small. Banks also check a banking history report, separate from your credit report, that records accounts closed with unpaid overdrafts. If you are refused because of it, ask for a free copy of the report and ask about a second-chance checking account, which many banks and credit unions offer.
Switching without a missed payment
- Open the new account and fund it while the old one stays open.
- Move your direct deposit, which can take one or two pay cycles to take effect.
- Go through three months of statements and move every automatic payment and linked app to the new account.
- Leave a small cushion in the old account for a month to catch stragglers, then close it formally, because an abandoned account can collect fees.
Tip A student or teen account usually converts to a standard account, with standard fees, at a set age or after graduation. Find out when yours converts before the first fee appears.


